The provided documentation details observations and experiences with aquatic invertebrates, specifically Asellus aquaticus (water slaters), and amphibians, including Laotriton laoensis (Laoensis newt) and Triturus dobrogicus. The information focuses on their cultivation, environmental requirements, breeding behaviors, and potential compatibility with other species in aquarium or vivarium settings. The documentation also briefly touches upon tank setup and observations regarding plant consumption.
Asellus aquaticus: Cultivation and Characteristics
Asellus aquaticus, commonly known as the water slater, is described as a hardy and undemanding invertebrate suitable for indoor cultivation. These invertebrates exhibit fast breeding rates and can thrive in high-density populations. One user successfully maintained a culture of Asellus aquaticus for over two decades, demonstrating their resilience and adaptability.
Initial setup for Asellus aquaticus can involve a soil-based substrate capped with sand or mineralized soil capped with gravel, with dense planting. While initially inconspicuous after introduction, the population can rapidly expand. The documentation notes that Asellus aquaticus can become prolific planteaters, initially consuming decaying plant matter before progressing to healthy leaves, causing damage to plants like Rotala rotundifolia and Glossostigma. Removing the invertebrates and repeatedly clearing root systems can provide temporary relief, but complete eradication proves difficult due to their rapid reproduction and ability to hide effectively.
The documentation suggests that H. orientalis may be utilized to control Asellus aquaticus populations, potentially serving as a natural predator. Asellus aquaticus are also noted as a potential live food source.
Laotriton laoensis Breeding and Habitat
Observations regarding Laotriton laoensis detail a successful transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle. The newts were initially kept in couples before being introduced to a larger aquarium environment. The aquarium setup included a variety of aquatic plants, including Cryptocoryne balansae, Vallisneria gigantea, Vallisneria natans, Sagittaria subulata, and Cryptocoryne usteriana.
Courtship behavior was observed after the water temperature was maintained at approximately 19°C using an aquarium heater. Eggs were deposited exclusively on Vallisneria gigantea. A rearing method similar to that used for P. deloustali was employed, involving a shallow layer of water (approximately one inch) with Java moss and a diet of tubifex worms. The documentation indicates an attempt to raise the offspring using this method, with the water level gradually increased as the animals matured. Fertilization rates were reported as high, with only a small number of unfertilized eggs observed.
Triturus dobrogicus Habitat and Juvenile Characteristics
Triturus dobrogicus juveniles originating from Romania (Lake Razim) were housed in an aqua-terrarium measuring 80x35x40 cm. These newts exhibited a preference for hiding among Egeria densa and Lomariopsis lineata. The juveniles, approximately 5-6 cm in length, displayed red bellies reminiscent of Cynops orientalis. The documentation expresses anticipation for the development of courtship displays as the newts mature.
Tank Companionship Considerations
The documentation briefly addresses the topic of tank companionship for aquatic species. It mentions that small, freshwater, non-aggressive fish, such as white cloud minnows, are considered suitable companions. Smaller, non-aggressive newts or tree frogs, like the red-spotted newt or squirrel tree frog, are also suggested as potential tank mates. The documentation highlights the importance of a well-planned tank setup, including a water depth of 10-15 inches in a 29-gallon tank, a custom-built stone platform, floating plants, and a sand/gravel substrate, potentially supplemented with leaves, bark, and moss. The inclusion of decorative hideaways is also noted.
Plant Interactions and Potential Issues
The documentation highlights a notable interaction between Asellus aquaticus and aquatic plants. These invertebrates are described as “ferious planteaters,” initially consuming dead plant matter but subsequently attacking healthy leaves, causing yellowing and damage. This behavior was observed with Rotala rotundifolia and Glossostigma. The documentation suggests that plant consumption increases when other food sources are depleted. Laotriton laoensis specifically deposited eggs on Vallisneria gigantea.
Conclusion
The provided documentation offers insights into the cultivation of Asellus aquaticus and the husbandry of Laotriton laoensis and Triturus dobrogicus. Asellus aquaticus are presented as hardy but potentially destructive invertebrates, while the newt species demonstrate specific breeding requirements and habitat preferences. The documentation also touches upon the considerations for tank companionship and the potential for plant-invertebrate interactions. The information is largely observational, detailing successful practices and potential challenges encountered by hobbyists.