Toilet flanges play a critical role in ensuring a secure and leak-free connection between a toilet and the home’s drainage system. When installing or replacing a toilet, understanding the correct methods for handling the flange is essential for both professionals and DIY users. Oatey, a leading manufacturer in plumbing solutions, offers a variety of toilet flange options tailored to different applications and materials. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Oatey toilet flange installation and repair procedures, based on detailed guidance from Oatey’s technical documentation and product specifications.
Understanding Toilet Flange Types and Functions
A toilet flange—also known as a closet flange—acts as the intermediary between the toilet and the drainage system. It is responsible for securing the toilet to the finished floor while also connecting it to the drainpipe. Oatey offers several flange types, each designed for specific plumbing configurations and materials. These include:
PVC and ABS Toilet Flanges: Designed for use with plastic piping, these flanges are ideal for modern plumbing systems. Oatey’s Easy Tap and Fast Set models are particularly suited for these applications, as they feature a knockout plug that allows for testing and prevents debris from entering the drain system during installation.
Cast Iron Toilet Flanges: These flanges are used with cast iron soil pipes and are available in both standard and deep-set configurations. The deep-set version is especially useful when the drainpipe is located lower than the finished floor or when the floor has been raised.
Brass Toilet Flange Rings: Found in older homes, these flanges are used in conjunction with lead bends and require soldering for a secure connection. Due to the complexity of the installation process, it is recommended that these flanges be installed or repaired by a skilled tradesperson.
Flange Repair Rings and Extenders: When a flange is damaged or installed below the finished floor level, Oatey offers specialized repair rings and flange extenders to restore the connection without requiring a full replacement of the plumbing system.
Each of these flange types serves a specific purpose, and selecting the correct one depends on the existing plumbing setup, pipe material, and the height of the finished floor.
Installation Procedures for Oatey Toilet Flanges
The installation process for Oatey toilet flanges varies slightly depending on the type of flange and the material of the drainpipe. However, the following general steps apply to most installations:
Cut the Pipe to the Desired Height: Begin by measuring and cutting the drainpipe so that the flange can be installed at the correct height. It is important to chamfer and deburr the pipe to ensure a strong connection.
Dry Fit the Flange: Before applying any adhesives, place the flange onto the drainpipe to verify that it fits properly and does not interfere with the surrounding structure.
Apply Primer and Cement: For PVC and ABS applications, apply Oatey Purple Primer and Oatey Heavy Duty Clear PVC Cement according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This ensures a durable and watertight connection.
Install the Flange onto the Pipe: Push the flange down onto the drainpipe until it sits flush with or slightly above the finished floor. Make sure the gasket is in place and properly seated against the pipe.
Secure the Flange to the Subfloor: Use approved screws or anchors to secure the flange to the subfloor. Screws should pass through the finished floor and into the subfloor to provide maximum stability.
Install Johni-Bolts or Closet Bolts: Once the flange is securely in place, install the Johni-Bolts or closet bolts through the center of the flange. These bolts will later be used to attach the toilet.
For cast iron flanges, the process is somewhat simplified. The flange is placed over the pipe, and the integrated fasteners are tightened to secure it in place. The flange is then fastened to the subfloor, and the closet bolts are added to complete the installation.
Repairing a Damaged Toilet Flange
In cases where the existing flange is damaged or installed below the finished floor level, Oatey offers several repair solutions. One such solution is the Fix-It Flange Repair Ring, which can be installed above a broken flange without the need for solvent cementing or special tools. The repair ring is secured using four screws and silicone sealant, providing a stable and leak-free connection.
Another option is the Set-Rite Flange Extender Kit, which is used when the flange is installed below the finished floor. This kit includes spacers of varying thicknesses, allowing the flange to be raised to the correct height. The maximum offset from the flange to the top of the floor is limited to 1-5/8 inches. When using this kit, it is important to apply silicone sealant between the existing flange and the first spacer to ensure a watertight seal.
For cast iron flanges that have deteriorated over time, Oatey offers No-Caulk Cast Iron Repair Flanges and PVC or ABS Twist-N-Set Repair Flanges. These repair flanges are designed to replace a broken or corroded cast iron flange without the need to remove the entire plumbing system. The No-Caulk repair flange slides over the vertical cast iron pipe and is secured using four bolts, while the Twist-N-Set flange is inserted into the pipe and tightened by rotating it clockwise.
Best Practices for Toilet Flange Installation
To ensure a successful installation, it is important to follow best practices recommended by Oatey and other plumbing professionals. Some key considerations include:
Choosing the Right Flange Type: Select a flange that is compatible with the pipe material and the height of the finished floor. For example, a deep-set flange may be necessary if the drainpipe is located lower than the finished floor.
Proper Alignment: The flange must be installed so that it is parallel to the finished floor. Any misalignment can lead to leaks or instability in the toilet.
Secure Fastening: Ensure that the flange is firmly attached to the subfloor using the recommended screws or anchors. This prevents the flange from becoming loose over time.
Testing for Leaks: After installation, it is a good idea to test the connection for leaks. This can be done by pouring water around the base of the flange and observing whether it seeps into the floor or drain.
Using the Correct Sealant: When installing a repair ring or extender, use 100% silicone sealant between the existing flange and the new components. This helps create a watertight barrier and prevents future leaks.
By following these best practices, plumbers and DIY users can ensure a durable and reliable connection between the toilet and the drainage system.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Even with proper installation, issues can arise with toilet flanges. Some common problems include:
Leaks: A leak around the base of the toilet is often a sign of a damaged or improperly installed flange. In such cases, it may be necessary to replace the flange or install a repair ring.
Low Flange Installation: If the flange is installed below the finished floor, it can lead to an unstable connection and potential leaks. In these cases, a flange extender should be used to raise the flange to the correct height.
Corrosion and Deterioration: Over time, flanges made of cast iron or lead can corrode, especially in older homes. If a flange is found to be rusted or cracked, it should be replaced with a new one that is compatible with the existing plumbing system.
Improper Seal: A failed wax seal or missing sealant between the flange and the toilet can result in odors and water leakage. It is important to use a proper wax seal and to apply silicone sealant between the flange and the toilet base.
When troubleshooting these issues, it is important to inspect the flange for visible signs of damage or wear. If the problem persists, it may be necessary to consult a professional plumber, especially when dealing with internal piping or complex plumbing systems.
Conclusion
Proper installation and maintenance of a toilet flange are essential for ensuring a stable and leak-free connection between the toilet and the drainage system. Oatey offers a wide range of flange options, including PVC, ABS, cast iron, and brass models, each designed for specific applications and materials. By following the recommended installation procedures and best practices, plumbers and DIY users can achieve a durable and reliable connection that will serve for years to come.
Whether installing a new flange or repairing an existing one, it is important to choose the right type of flange and to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines. In cases where the flange is damaged or installed incorrectly, Oatey provides specialized repair rings and extenders that allow for quick and effective repairs without the need to replace the entire plumbing system.
For users who are unsure about the correct flange type or installation method, Oatey’s technical documentation and product guides provide detailed information to help make an informed decision. By using the right tools, materials, and techniques, anyone can successfully install or repair a toilet flange and ensure a long-lasting, trouble-free connection.