Installing an above ground swimming pool can be a rewarding and cost-effective way to enjoy backyard recreation. However, the process requires careful planning, the right tools, and strict adherence to manufacturer instructions to ensure safety and functionality. This guide compiles key insights from detailed installation recommendations provided in official and trusted sources, offering a step-by-step approach tailored to U.S. consumers for round above ground pools.
Essential Tools and Materials
Proper preparation is the foundation of a successful installation. The following list includes commonly recommended items based on industry best practices and the installation guides included in trusted documentation:
- Patio blocks (8" x 16") for each vertical support
- Ground stakes (wood, rebar, or other suitable material)
- 2" gray duct tape with non-asphalted adhesive for securing foam
- Screw driver
- Garden hose & spray nozzle for leveling and cleaning
- Shop vacuum for removing air from between the liner and wall
- Tamper for compacting sand or soil
- Utility Knife for cutting liner and foam
- Push Broom for cleaning surfaces
- Site Level, Transit, or Line level with string
- Tape Measure for accuracy
- Channel Locks for tightening components
In addition to these general tools, pool models such as the Bristol, Boreal, and Daytona from Wilbar International and Trendium recommend the use of a sand base (3" thick), a linen floor pad, wall foam, and a pool cove (foam) to protect the liner and wall integrity. Official manufacturers emphasize that failure to follow safety instructions and installation protocols can lead to permanent injury, paralysis, electrocution, or drowning. Pools are not intended for diving or jumping, and injuries can occur due to their shallow water design.
Site Preparation and Excavation
Before beginning the physical setup of the pool, it's crucial to prepare the site properly. Begin by marking out an area that is at least 2 feet larger in diameter than your pool. For example, a 18-foot pool will require a 20-foot circle. This extra space ensures that the pool remains stable and allows room for the "berm," a compacted dirt layer that surrounds the edge and prevents soil erosion or grass growth inside the pool.
The following steps outline the excavation and site leveling process:
- Clear and mark the site: Ensure the area is free of debris and has sufficient clearance. Use ground stakes and string to outline the pool area.
- Excavate the base:Dig down anywhere from 6–12 inches depending on the pool model. Remove all large stones, roots, and debris to ensure a level base.
- Install a sand base: Fill the excavated area with fine sand (3" thick), avoiding any rocks or coarse material. This creates a stable foundation and prevents stress on the liner.
- Level the sand: Use a transit or line level with string to check for evenness. Adjust as necessary using a tamper or by adding/removing sand.
An official manufacturer manual stresses the importance of not using dirt to raise the height of patio blocks or support structures. Instead, if over-digging occurs, fill with mason sand or stone dust, compact it, and remeasure with a level. This prevents instability.
Laying the Wall and Track System
After preparing the base, the next major step involves assembling and leveling the pool wall. Follow these detailed instructions:
- Unroll the wall: With the help of assistants, place the pool wall on top of the sand base. This step can be particularly challenging due to the weight and size of the metal wall sections.
- Secure the wall foam: Attach foam along the wall to protect the liner from metal edges and prevent pinching or tearing. Begin from the top and work toward the bottom, ensuring the foam covers most of the metal. A small gap at the bottom is acceptable and will be hidden later.
- Lay the bottom track: Once the wall is in place, install the bottom track that runs the circumference of the pool. Ensure it is level and properly aligned with the wall.
- Install the top track: Attach the top track along the top of the wall before placing the liner. This will help in securing the liner later in the process.
An important note from the official installation manuals is the use of vinyl pool liners that must be supported entirely by the base (sand or hard surface) to avoid stress and potential damage to the wall or liner. Skipping this step can lead to long-term structural problems.
Installing the Liner and Top Track
The liner is a critical component in an above ground pool installation, as it serves as the water barrier and affects the longevity of the structure. Follow these steps for proper liner installation:
- Lay the liner floor pad: After the 3" sand base is ready, place the pre-cut liner floor pad on top. This should fit the exact dimensions of your pool.
- Attach the wall foam: Secure wall foam using duct tape or spray glue. Begin from the top and work downward, securing it tightly but avoiding over-tensioning.
- Attach the foam cove: Apply the cove foam by removing its adhesive backing and sticking it directly onto the wall just above where the liner floor pad meets the wall. This transition area helps support the liner and prevents wear.
- Lay the vinyl liner: Place the vinyl liner inside the pool wall, ensuring it is centered and not twisted. Pull it over the foam and floor pad without stretching.
- Secure with the top track: Use the top track to hold the liner tightly to the wall. Apply pressure evenly to remove air gaps between the liner and wall.
- Apply sealant (if required): Use duct tape or liner adhesive provided by the manufacturer to seal the liner to the wall. Ensure it is completely covered.
Instructions from ThePoolFactory suggest using a shop vacuum to remove trapped air between the wall and the liner after the top track is applied. This improves the contact between the liner and metal wall, reducing the risk of wear or tear due to friction.
Attaching the Posts and Caps
Once the wall and liner are in place, the next step involves securing the structure using vertical posts and caps:
- Set the pool posts: Place the posts inside the wall at the designated measurement points. Most models come with pre-drilled holes at 9" intervals.
- Tighten the post bolts: Insert the bolts through the hole and secure with a wrench or channel locks. This helps stabilize the wall and lock the liner in place.
- Attach the top caps: Caps are placed over the connection points of the top track, wall, and posts. They serve a dual purpose—protecting the liner and finishing the overall appearance.
- Check for alignment: Use a level and plumb line to ensure the wall is straight and posts are evenly spaced and vertical.
An expert from PoolServiceMA notes that lifting the metal wall involves heavy lifting—often over 100 pounds—so it’s recommended that at least three people assist in this phase, if not more. Safety should be a top priority, especially when handling large components.
Installing the Skimmer and Pump/Filter System
After the liner is secured and the wall is assembled, the final steps involve setting up the water circulation and filtration system.
- Cut the skimmer opening: Using a utility knife, cut the opening in the liner where the skimmer will go. The location is usually marked by a pre-installed skimmer plate on the interior.
- Install the skimmer plate: Place the skimmer plate over the cut and seal it with silicone or duct tape. Make sure it is waterproof and tightly secured.
- Attach the plumbing: Connect the skimmer plate to the pump and filter system using manufacturer-approved hoses and fittings. Ensure all connections are tight and leak-free.
- Mount the pump/filter unit: Find a stable and accessible location to place the pump/filter unit. It should be away from direct sunlight and well-drained.
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to complete circuitry and plumbing setup. Some pools come with pre-fabricated systems, but others require assembly and hook-up by the homeowner.
Filling the Pool
Once all structural and mechanical components are in place, you can begin the filling process:
- Start filling using a garden hose and observe the water level.
- Watch for wall expansion: As the pool fills, the wall will expand outward due to water pressure. This is normal as it locks the wall into place around the liner.
- Adjust the berm once the water is close to the top. Remove soil from the surrounding area and build it up as a compacted berm around the pool’s edge.
- Maintain leveling: Check the wall and posts periodically as you fill. Adjust and tighten posts if necessary.
It's important to note that this process can take many hours and is best done in the spring or early summer to allow settling before heavier use.
Compact the BERM and Backfill, if Applicable
After the pool is filled to the top track, the final finishing step is to compact the berm and restore the surrounding landscape.
- Walk around the pool’s edge: Use shoes to manually stomp or tamp the soil around the edge. This creates a solid perimeter that helps prevent weeds and washouts during rain.
- Backfill if required: Some pools have walls deep enough to require backfilling with soil or other material. This step is optional depending on your model.
- Restoring the yard: Fill any excess soil from excavation and spread it evenly. Use grass seed or sod for a natural look.
A practical tip from an industry expert is that you may want to save some excess soil for later when replanting surrounding areas or for leveling irregular terrain post-install.
Safety and Warranty Considerations
All installation manuals reiterate the importance of following the manufacturer’s instructions strictly to void any warranty issues. This includes not only the step-by-step construction guide but also maintenance instructions and safety warnings.
One significant warning is the lack of structural support for diving or jumping. These pools are not designed for such use, and injuries can result in paralysis due to broken necks, electrocution, or drowning if water systems are not properly grounded or maintained.
Always maintain a safe distance around the pool, especially for families with children. Fences or safety nets can be added post-installation for enhanced security.
Conclusion
Installing an above ground pool is a substantial but manageable project suited for DIY enthusiasts with the right tools, team support, and guidance from official manuals. Key elements include site preparation with a sand base, proper wall and liner installation, secure attachment of posts and skimmer, and final adjustments to the berm and pump system. Adhering strictly to the manufacturer’s instructions ensures both the longevity of the pool and the safety of its users.
With careful planning and execution, a round above ground pool can provide years of enjoyment, making it a valuable addition to any backyard.