Garbage disposals are a convenient addition to modern kitchens, helping to reduce waste and streamline cleanup. However, installing one requires careful attention to both plumbing and electrical systems. This guide outlines the steps necessary to install a garbage disposal, emphasizing safety, compatibility, and proper function.
Installation Overview
Before beginning the installation process, it is essential to understand the tools and materials required, as well as the general procedure. A garbage disposal must be properly aligned with the sink drain and securely mounted to prevent leaks. Electrical connections must be made according to local codes and safety standards.
Tools and Materials
The following tools and materials are typically necessary for a garbage disposal installation:
- Channel-type pliers
- Screwdrivers
- Hammer
- Rag
- Plumber's putty
- Plug-in power cord and strain relief fitting
- Wire nuts
- Drain pipe extension pieces (if necessary)
In addition to these tools, the necessary materials include the garbage disposal unit itself, which should be selected based on the horsepower and feeding mechanism suitable for the user's needs.
Preparing for Installation
Assessing Sink and Plumbing Compatibility
Before installation, it is crucial to assess whether the existing sink and plumbing system are compatible with a garbage disposal. Most standard single- or double-basin sinks can accommodate a garbage disposal, but some modifications may be necessary.
If the sink is not already equipped with a P-trap (a curved drainpipe that prevents sewer gases from entering the home), it must be installed within 5 inches of the sink drain. This ensures proper drainage and prevents clogs.
Electrical Considerations
Garbage disposals require a dedicated, switch-controlled, 20-amp 120-volt outlet. If the existing electrical setup does not include such an outlet, one must be installed. This task is best left to a qualified electrician, as improper electrical work can pose serious safety risks.
It is important to ensure that the disposal's electric line is properly grounded. Grounding can be achieved through the existing electrical system, but it should never be connected to a gas line, as this is both dangerous and illegal.
Step-by-Step Installation Instructions
Removing the Old Disposal (If Applicable)
If replacing an existing garbage disposal, the first step is to disconnect the power supply. This can be done by unplugging the unit or, if it is hardwired, by turning off the circuit at the main service panel.
Next, the old disposal must be disconnected from the drain and the sink flange. Using channel-type pliers, loosen the nuts that secure the drain connections. Carefully remove the disposal from the sink, taking note of how the components are arranged for reference during the installation of the new unit.
Installing the New Disposal
Once the old disposal has been removed, the new unit can be installed. Begin by preparing the sink area. Remove any old plumber's putty from the sink drain using a screwdriver and clean the area with a rag.
Apply a 1/2-inch-thick bead of plumber's putty around the drain opening from the top. Insert the new disposal sink flange into the sink and press it firmly into the putty. Under the sink, slide the fibrous gasket and metal triangular attachment ring onto the flange's tailpiece. Secure the ring by snapping the round clip spring or snap ring into the groove on the flange tailpiece.
With the assistance of another person, hold the sink flange in place from above while tightening the mounting assembly with the three mounting screws. Apply even pressure to each screw to ensure a tight seal. It is normal for some plumber's putty to ooze out around the drain opening, indicating a secure fit. Wipe away any excess putty with a rag, but avoid overtightening, which can damage the seal.
Connecting the Disposal Unit
Once the flange is securely in place, position the disposal so that the discharge tube aligns with the sink drain waste trap. If the home has a dishwasher, connect the dishwasher line to the disposal according to the manufacturer's instructions. Slide the dishwasher hose onto the disposal nipple and secure it with the clamp provided.
Lock the garbage disposal unit in place by tightening the rotating cam collar on the disposal. This can be done using a screwdriver or a special wrench that may have come with the disposal. A distinct click should be felt as the unit locks into place.
Checking for Leaks and Proper Operation
After the disposal is mounted, it is essential to check for leaks and ensure that it functions properly. Turn on the water and run it through the disposal to check all connections for leaks. If any leaks are detected, tighten the loose drain connections.
Plug the disposal into the wall outlet and ensure that the circuit power is turned on. Test the garbage disposal by turning on the water and disposal and dropping some food scraps into the drain. The unit should grind the waste efficiently without leaking or vibrating excessively.
Safety and Professional Considerations
Safety Precautions
Installing a garbage disposal involves working with both plumbing and electrical systems, which can pose safety risks if not handled properly. Always ensure that the power supply is turned off before beginning any installation work. Additionally, wear appropriate protective gear, such as gloves and safety goggles, to prevent injury.
If the user is not experienced with electrical or plumbing work, it is highly recommended to hire a professional. Electricians and plumbers have the necessary expertise to ensure that the installation is done correctly and safely. Professional installation services also often come with warranties, providing peace of mind in case of any issues.
Cost Considerations
The cost of installing a garbage disposal can vary depending on whether the work is done by the homeowner or a professional. The unit itself typically costs between $80 and $150 for 1/2 horsepower models. If a professional is hired, the installation cost can range up to $400, excluding the cost of the disposal.
While professional installation may seem expensive, it can save time and reduce the risk of costly mistakes. Additionally, many professional services offer warranties on their work, ensuring that any problems are covered.
Maintenance and Usage Tips
Keeping the Disposal Clean and Functional
To maintain the efficiency and longevity of the garbage disposal, it is important to perform regular maintenance. One effective method is to grind up a sliced lemon every few days or weeks to keep odors at bay. This also helps to clean the blades and interior of the unit.
Avoid feeding the disposal non-food items such as bones, fibrous vegetables, or grease, as these can cause clogs or damage the unit. Always run cold water when using the disposal, as it helps to solidify fats and oils, making them easier to grind and flush away.
Understanding Disposal Policies
Before installing a garbage disposal, it is important to be aware of local regulations and policies. In some areas, sewer authorities may require a permit for installation, while others may prohibit the use of garbage disposals altogether. These restrictions are often due to environmental concerns, as garbage disposals can consume significant amounts of energy and water.
Choosing the Right Garbage Disposal
Garbage disposals come in two main types: continuous feed and batch feed. Continuous feed disposals allow users to feed waste into the unit while it is running, which is convenient for frequent use. Batch feed disposals, on the other hand, require waste to be added in small amounts and sealed before the unit is activated.
When selecting a disposal, consider the horsepower of the unit, as this determines its ability to handle tough food waste. A 1/2 horsepower unit is typically sufficient for most households, while higher horsepower units may be necessary for larger families or those who generate a significant amount of food waste.
Additionally, consider how the disposal will interact with the home's septic system. Some models are designed specifically for use with septic tanks, as they produce less waste and are more efficient in breaking down food particles.
Conclusion
Installing a garbage disposal can significantly enhance the functionality of a kitchen, but it requires careful planning and execution. By following the steps outlined in this guide, users can ensure that the installation is done safely and efficiently. Proper installation not only improves the performance of the unit but also reduces the risk of leaks, electrical issues, and other problems.
For those who are unsure about performing the installation themselves, hiring a professional is a wise choice. Electricians and plumbers can handle the complex aspects of the installation, ensuring that everything is done to code and that the unit functions properly.
With regular maintenance and responsible use, a garbage disposal can provide years of reliable service. Understanding the local regulations and selecting the right type of disposal for the home is also essential in ensuring that the unit meets the needs of the user while adhering to environmental and safety standards.