Diesel-powered air heaters are essential for maintaining comfort in vehicles and marine environments, especially in colder climates. Among the most popular models are the Eberspacher Airtronic D2 and the D1L, both of which offer efficient and reliable heating solutions. However, installing these units requires a thorough understanding of technical specifications, installation procedures, and component compatibility. This guide compiles verified information from official and trusted sources to provide a detailed overview of the installation process for Eberspacher diesel heaters.
Technical Specifications and Model Overview
The Eberspacher Airtronic D2 and D1L are diesel-powered air heaters designed for use in both road and marine applications. The D1L model runs on petrol, while the D2 and D4/D5 variants operate on diesel. These units are engineered for compact installation and energy efficiency, making them suitable for vehicles like Sprinter vans and marine environments.
According to the Eberspacher B1L and D1L installation manual, the D1L model has a heating capacity of approximately 5.5 kW, with fuel consumption varying based on operating conditions. The D2 model, as detailed in the Marine Heater Installation Guide, is slightly more powerful and includes advanced features such as the EasyStart Select controller and optional high-altitude and temperature sensors. These models also have distinct electrical requirements, including 12V DC power and compatibility with standard vehicle and marine electrical systems.
Installation Guidelines and Best Practices
Choosing the Installation Location
The installation location is a critical factor in ensuring both the efficiency and safety of the Eberspacher heater. According to a detailed installation blog by a Sprinter van owner, the most common and practical location for mounting the heater is beneath the passenger seat base. This area is typically unobstructed and provides enough space for routing fuel lines, exhaust, and electrical connections. Another frequently cited location is near the rear wheel wells, which also allows for sufficient ventilation and accessibility.
For the installation process, it is necessary to drill three holes into the van’s floor: two larger holes (1-⅛ inch in diameter) for the intake and exhaust hoses, and one smaller hole for the fuel line. The placement of these holes should be carefully planned to avoid structural supports and ensure that the intake and exhaust are properly aligned with the external environment. A detailed account from an installation blog notes that the holes should be spaced approximately 3 inches apart and ideally placed in the center of a 6-inch unobstructed section of the floor.
Mounting the Heater
After determining the installation location, the next step is to mount the heater to the floor of the vehicle. The installation manual recommends using a floor mounting bracket to secure the unit in place. This bracket should be bolted to the floor using appropriate fasteners and reinforced to ensure stability during operation. The mounting process typically involves positioning the heater in the desired location, aligning the mounting holes with the floor, and securing the unit using metric bolts and a ratchet set.
It is also important to verify that the heater is mounted in a way that allows for proper airflow and exhaust. The intake and exhaust should not be obstructed and should be routed in a manner that minimizes heat transfer to surrounding components. The Marine Heater Installation Guide from Eberspächer emphasizes the importance of proper ventilation in marine environments to prevent carbon monoxide buildup and ensure safe operation.
Routing Fuel Lines and Electrical Connections
The fuel system is a critical component of the Eberspacher heater installation. The fuel line must be connected to the diesel tank and routed to the heater, ensuring that it is secure and leak-free. A recommended approach is to use a 5/16” ID fuel line, which is available at most auto parts stores. The fuel line should be connected using a ¼” male-to-male barbed fitting, which provides a secure and reliable connection.
The fuel pump must also be installed and connected to the electrical system. This pump is responsible for delivering fuel to the heater and should be wired in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The installation manual notes that the fuel pump should be mounted in a location that is accessible for maintenance and should be protected from excessive vibration and heat.
Electrical connections are another important aspect of the installation process. The heater requires a 12V DC power supply, which can be drawn from the vehicle’s house battery or an auxiliary power source. A fuse block is typically installed to protect the electrical system and should be mounted in a secure and accessible location. The wiring harness must be routed from the heater to the control panel, which is usually mounted in a convenient location for the user.
The installation manual and various DIY guides recommend using cable staples to secure the wiring and prevent it from becoming loose or damaged. The wiring should also be insulated and protected from potential sources of heat or vibration. In some cases, it may be necessary to run the wiring through a wire chase or conduit to ensure that it is properly protected and organized.
Connecting Air Intake and Exhaust
Proper air intake and exhaust are essential for the efficient operation of the Eberspacher heater. The intake hose should be connected to an external air source, such as a vent or opening in the vehicle’s body, and should be routed to the heater in a way that minimizes resistance. The exhaust hose should be connected to an external vent or opening and should be routed in a way that ensures that exhaust gases are safely expelled from the vehicle.
The installation manual notes that the intake and exhaust hoses should be made of heat-resistant material and should be properly sealed to prevent leaks. In some cases, it may be necessary to use muffler putty or other sealing materials to ensure that the connections are airtight.
Installing the Control System
The control system is responsible for managing the operation of the Eberspacher heater and includes a thermostat, controller, and optional sensors. The EasyStart Select controller is a popular choice for the D2 model and provides a user-friendly interface for adjusting temperature settings and monitoring heater performance. The controller should be mounted in a convenient location and connected to the heater using the provided wiring harness.
Optional components such as the remote temperature sensor and high-altitude sensor can also be installed to enhance the functionality of the heater. These sensors provide additional data that can be used to optimize heater performance and ensure that it operates efficiently in different environmental conditions.
The installation manual and various DIY guides recommend following the manufacturer’s instructions carefully when installing the control system. This includes verifying that all connections are secure and that the controller is properly calibrated before the heater is put into operation.
Final Checks and Safety Considerations
Before the Eberspacher heater is put into operation, it is important to perform a series of final checks to ensure that the installation is complete and that the unit is functioning properly. This includes verifying that all fuel lines and electrical connections are secure, that the intake and exhaust are properly routed, and that the control system is operating correctly.
The installation manual also includes safety guidelines that should be followed to ensure that the heater is used safely and effectively. These guidelines include recommendations for regular maintenance, such as checking the fuel filter and ensuring that the exhaust system is free of obstructions. The manual also provides information on the proper use of the heater in different environments and conditions.
Conclusion
The installation of an Eberspacher Airtronic D2 or D1L diesel heater requires careful planning, attention to detail, and adherence to the manufacturer’s instructions. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, users can ensure that their heater is installed correctly and operates efficiently. Whether for use in a Sprinter van or a marine environment, these heaters provide a reliable and effective heating solution that can be customized to meet the needs of individual users.