Deer fencing is a practical and effective solution for protecting gardens, crops, and landscapes from deer and other wildlife. When installed correctly, a well-constructed fence can significantly reduce or eliminate damage caused by deer browsing. This guide draws from multiple verified sources, including manufacturer instructions, DIY tutorials, and technical installation guidelines, to provide a comprehensive overview of the process. The following steps outline the key phases of installation, from site preparation to securing the fence and making maintenance considerations.
Understanding the Purpose and Key Components of a Deer Fence
A deer fence is a physical barrier designed to prevent deer from entering an area. These fences are typically made from high-strength materials such as polypropylene mesh or galvanized wire and must be tall enough to prevent deer from jumping over them and low enough to prevent them from crawling underneath. According to the instructions provided by Benner Deer Fence Co., the fence should ideally be installed with a reinforced base and extended vertically to a height of at least 7.5 feet.
The primary components of a deer fence installation include:
- Posts: These serve as the structural support for the fence. Recommended materials include galvanized steel, wooden posts, or studded steel T-posts. Posts must be driven deep enough to remain stable in all weather conditions.
- Fencing Material: High-quality polypropylene or galvanized wire fencing is preferred for durability and strength. The fencing should have a mesh design that prevents deer from pushing through.
- Fasteners and Accessories: Hog ring clips, zip ties, cable ties, and wire staples are used to secure the fence to the posts. Additional accessories such as top support wires and bottom guards may be necessary in certain environments.
- Tools and Equipment: A post driver, digging bar, level, and auger may be needed to properly install the fence.
The installation process requires careful planning to ensure that the fence is both effective and long-lasting.
Preparing the Installation Site
Before unrolling the fence material, it is essential to prepare the installation site. This involves selecting the appropriate location, determining the fence layout, and installing the posts correctly.
Selecting and Marking the Fence Line
Begin by identifying the area that needs protection. This could be a vegetable garden, flower bed, or entire property perimeter. Mark the boundary with stakes or flags to outline the fence line. Consider the terrain, ensuring that the fence can be installed on level ground where possible and that corners and turns are accounted for in the layout.
Installing Fence Posts
Fence posts must be securely anchored into the ground to provide stability. The recommended spacing between posts is 8 to 10 feet, depending on the type of fence and the terrain. The depth of the post installation is crucial; for steel or wooden posts, the post should be driven at least 2 to 3 feet into the ground, or deeper if the frost line is higher.
For posts with sleeves, follow these steps:
- Use a digging bar to create a pilot hole for the sleeve.
- Insert the sleeve into the pilot hole.
- Drive the sleeve into the ground using a driving cap.
- Once the sleeve is partially installed, insert the post into the sleeve.
- Check for plumb with a level and adjust as needed.
- Secure the post to the sleeve using galvanized nails, which act as shims to ensure a tight fit.
If the ground contains rocks or roots, avoid forcing the post into place. Instead, use a digging bar or auger to clear the area before proceeding.
Unrolling and Securing the Fence Material
Once the posts are in place, the next step is to unroll and secure the fencing material. This process requires attention to detail to ensure that the fence is taut and properly attached to the posts.
Attaching the Fence to the First Post
Begin by unrolling a few feet of the fence on the outside of the enclosure. Use a cable tie to attach the fence to the first post, leaving 3 to 4 mesh blocks past the post. The top of the fence should be secured to the upper cable with a hog ring clip near the post. It is important to keep the fence roll facing inward toward the area being fenced off to avoid twisting during installation.
Ensure that the reinforced end of the fence is placed at the ground level. This helps to prevent the fence from sagging and ensures that the base is secure. If the fence is to be installed around a tree or braced post, begin and terminate the fence at these points for added stability.
Running the Fence Along the Line
With the fence attached to the first post, unroll it along the fence line. For flat terrain, the fence can be run in stretches up to 100 feet. At each post, secure the top of the fence to the upper cable with a hog ring clip. If the fence encounters a turn or corner, cut the fence, leaving at least 3 mesh grids past the post to allow for proper alignment.
As the fence is extended, maintain tension to prevent sagging. Avoid overstretching the material, as this can weaken the fence and reduce its effectiveness. In areas with uneven terrain, adjust the fence as needed to ensure that it follows the natural contours of the land.
Additional Installation Tips and Best Practices
To ensure a successful installation, it is important to follow best practices and avoid common mistakes. The following tips are based on manufacturer guidelines and user experiences:
- Use High-Quality Materials: Avoid inferior grades of polypropylene or other fencing materials that may be easily breached by deer. Choose fencing with a breaking strength of at least 650 feet per linear foot for optimal durability.
- Secure the Bottom of the Fence: In areas where small animals such as rabbits or woodchucks are present, install a bottom guard to prevent these animals from creating holes in the fence. This helps to maintain the integrity of the barrier and prevents deer from entering through compromised points.
- Install a Top Support Wire: For polypropylene or hexagrid fencing, a top support wire is recommended to prevent sagging and maintain the fence’s height. This ensures that the fence remains effective over time.
- Avoid Common Installation Pitfalls: If the ground is rocky or contains roots, avoid forcing the posts into place. Use a digging bar or auger to clear the area before proceeding. In the case of solid ledge, consider alternative installation paths or tools such as a Hilti drill and rebar for secure post placement.
By following these tips, you can ensure that your deer fence is installed correctly and functions as intended.
Optional Enhancements for Improved Effectiveness
While a standard deer fence can be highly effective, additional enhancements can improve its performance and longevity. These options are particularly useful in areas with high deer populations or where previous attempts to deter deer have been unsuccessful.
Electric Deterrents
An electric component can be added to the fence to provide an additional layer of deterrence. This involves installing a low-voltage electric line at the top or bottom of the fence. The electric line delivers a mild shock to deter deer from attempting to jump over or crawl under the fence. This method is safe for both humans and wildlife and is often used in conjunction with a physical barrier.
Secondary Bottom Fence
A smaller second fence can be installed at the bottom of the main deer fence to prevent deer from squeezing underneath. This is especially useful in areas where deer have previously breached the fence by finding a weak point at the base.
Driveway and Gate Solutions
For properties with driveways or access points, a deer fence gate can be installed to maintain the integrity of the barrier while allowing for vehicle or pedestrian access. These gates are typically designed to open and close without compromising the effectiveness of the fence. Dual leaf driveway gates and fence extenders can also be used to accommodate larger vehicles or equipment.
These enhancements can be tailored to the specific needs of the installation site and are often recommended for properties that require long-term protection from deer.
Maintenance and Repairs for Long-Term Effectiveness
Once the deer fence is installed, regular maintenance is essential to ensure that it continues to function properly. Over time, the fence may become damaged due to weather, wildlife, or human activity. Routine inspections and repairs can help to extend the lifespan of the fence and maintain its effectiveness.
Regular Inspections
Inspect the fence at least once a season to check for any signs of damage, sagging, or wear. Pay particular attention to the posts, as they are the foundation of the fence. Ensure that all fasteners are secure and that the fence remains taut and aligned with the ground.
Repairing Damage
If damage is detected, repair it immediately to prevent further issues. Replace any broken or weakened posts, and reattach or reinforce the fencing material as needed. If the fence has sagged, use additional support wires or clips to restore its tension.
Replacing Components
Over time, certain components such as fasteners, clips, or sections of the fence may need to be replaced. Use the same high-quality materials as those used during the initial installation to ensure consistency and durability.
By maintaining the fence regularly, you can ensure that it continues to provide effective protection against deer and other wildlife.
Conclusion
A well-installed deer fence is a powerful tool for protecting gardens, crops, and landscapes from deer damage. The installation process involves careful planning, proper materials, and attention to detail. By following the step-by-step instructions provided by manufacturers and experienced installers, you can ensure that your fence is both effective and long-lasting. Additional enhancements such as electric deterrents and secondary barriers can further improve the fence’s performance in areas with high deer activity. Regular maintenance is essential to keep the fence in optimal condition and to address any potential issues before they become significant problems. With the right approach, a deer fence can provide years of reliable protection and peace of mind.