Garage doors are a critical component of home and commercial security, and their proper installation and maintenance are essential for both functionality and safety. The Door & Access Systems Manufacturers Association (DASMA) plays a pivotal role in developing standards and best practices for garage door manufacturers and assemblers. For individuals and companies assembling garage doors from purchased components, understanding DASMA guidelines and safety protocols is crucial. These guidelines address not only technical specifications but also critical safety concerns, especially when dealing with high-tension springs, motor systems, and force testing procedures.
This article outlines the key considerations for assembling garage doors, focusing on the responsibilities of the assembler, adherence to DASMA and industry standards, and the importance of proper testing and installation practices. We will explore the technical, safety, and regulatory aspects of garage door assembly, drawing on information from DASMA standards, technical data sheets, and user experiences shared by professionals and inspectors.
Assembler Responsibilities and Industry Standards
When a company begins assembling garage doors using sections and components from various suppliers, it assumes the role of a "manufacturer" under the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) guidelines. This classification carries significant responsibilities, including ensuring that the final product meets all applicable technical and safety standards. The CPSC has historically worked closely with the garage door industry, and case law supports the notion that assemblers are held to the same standards as traditional manufacturers.
According to DASMA, assemblers must produce detailed drawings, written installation instructions, and ensure that all components are compatible and meet industry specifications. This includes familiarity with DASMA standards and best practices, as well as awareness of local building codes and regulations. Assemblers must also ensure that their doors are backed by proper testing and engineering to verify performance and safety.
Additionally, assemblers are expected to maintain consistent quality across all installed systems. This involves implementing quality control measures and ensuring that all components are correctly installed and adjusted. The DASMA technical data sheets (TDS) provide detailed guidance on these topics, including recommendations for force settings, testing procedures, and installation techniques.
Safety Protocols in Garage Door Installation
Garage doors are large, heavy objects that operate under extreme spring tension and are often powered by electric motors. Because of this, the installation and adjustment process must be approached with caution and precision. Several key safety protocols are outlined in installation guides and DASMA standards to prevent injury or damage.
One of the most important safety rules is to operate the door only when it is properly adjusted and free of obstructions. This is essential to prevent accidents that can occur if the door is not functioning correctly. Additionally, the door is constantly under extreme spring tension, making any adjustments or repairs potentially dangerous. As a result, such tasks should be performed only by qualified professionals.
The installation of garage doors also requires the use of appropriate safety gear. Protective equipment should be worn at all times during installation, adjustment, and repair work. For larger doors, it is recommended to use a crew of two or more individuals to ensure stability and reduce the risk of injury. When working at heights, scaffolding or mechanical lifts should be used instead of ladders to minimize the risk of falls.
Another critical safety consideration is the prohibition of children playing with or near garage doors. A child could become trapped between the door and the floor, resulting in serious injury or death. Therefore, it is essential to keep children away from the installation and operation area.
Force Testing and the Down Force Adjustment
A significant concern in garage door operation is the force with which the door closes. Excessive down force can cause serious injury or damage. DASMA and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) have established specific guidelines for testing and adjusting this force.
The down force of a garage door opener should be tested using a hand or grasp test, where the door is manually stopped during its descent. If the door does not reverse upon contact, the force settings should be adjusted until it does. This method provides an indication of the down force without the risk of damaging the door system. Once the door responds to the hand test, a flat 2X4 block can be used for further testing. However, DASMA has acknowledged that the 2X4 block test can be risky if the opener’s force settings are improperly adjusted, as it has been known to cause damage to the door system in rare cases.
In contrast, the CPSC recommends using a 1 7/8-inch diameter cylinder placed in the path of the descending door. The reversal force should be adjusted to 15 pounds, and the door should reverse after two seconds of contact with the object. The CPSC also mandates the use of a solid object that is 1 inch high and placed on the floor of the test installation. Monthly testing with a flat 2X4 is required under federal guidelines.
Older garage door openers are more likely to exert excessive force compared to newer models, which tend to have more responsive safety features. A study from 1996 found that 72% of tested openers reversed after exerting forces over 130 pounds, which is considered enough to cause serious injury. This highlights the importance of regular testing and proper adjustment of force settings.
Technical Considerations in Door Assemblies
Assembling a garage door involves several technical considerations, including the type of door operation, the materials used, and the compatibility of components. The installation guide from Roll Up Doors Direct emphasizes the importance of understanding the method of operation—whether the door is push-up, hand chain, or motor operated—and selecting the appropriate fasteners and mounting methods based on the type of jamb (wood, masonry, or steel).
The guide also notes that standard torsion spring doors should always be installed by a professional, as they require specialized knowledge and tools. For those with above-average mechanical skills, extension springs or simple torsion spring systems can be installed with detailed instructions. However, it is always recommended to consult a qualified door service professional for any repairs or adjustments involving springs or related parts.
Additional installation information for specific doors is typically included with the packing slip and supplementary drawings. These materials provide detailed guidance on the proper application of bolts, small sealed parts, and other accessories. Assemblers must ensure that all components are correctly installed and that the door operates smoothly and safely.
DASMA and Industry Collaboration
DASMA is actively working with the International Door Association (IDA) to develop a set of best practices and guidelines for those who assemble garage door sections and components into complete systems. These guidelines aim to provide a standardized approach to assembly, installation, and testing, ensuring that all doors meet the required technical and safety standards.
The collaboration between DASMA and IDA is expected to address common challenges faced by assemblers, including compatibility issues between components from different suppliers and the need for consistent quality control. While the final guidelines have not yet been released, DASMA encourages assemblers to stay informed and participate in the development process.
Conclusion
Assembling garage doors requires a deep understanding of technical specifications, safety protocols, and industry standards. DASMA and the CPSC have established guidelines to ensure that doors are installed correctly and operate safely. Assemblers must take responsibility for the quality and performance of their products, adhering to best practices and conducting regular testing to ensure compliance.
Safety is a top priority in all aspects of garage door installation and adjustment. From the use of protective gear to the proper testing of force settings, every step must be approached with care. Additionally, the collaboration between DASMA and industry partners is helping to establish clearer guidelines for assemblers, promoting consistency and reliability across the industry.
For those considering assembling their own garage doors, it is essential to follow detailed instructions, consult with professionals when necessary, and stay informed about the latest standards and best practices. By doing so, assemblers can ensure that their doors are not only functional but also safe for long-term use.