Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are widely used in residential and commercial settings for their ability to purify water by removing impurities, contaminants, and dissolved minerals. For U.S. consumers and DIY enthusiasts, understanding the correct installation and maintenance procedures is essential for ensuring optimal performance and longevity of the system. This article provides a detailed, step-by-step overview of the installation process for reverse osmosis systems, including preparation, component placement, and routine maintenance schedules. The information is derived from official product manuals and technical documentation to ensure accuracy and compliance with standard plumbing codes.
Preparation for Reverse Osmosis System Installation
Before beginning the installation process, it is essential to verify that all components are included and undamaged. Upon unboxing the shipment, users should inspect the packaging and check for the presence of all parts. This step is crucial to avoid delays or additional trips to obtain missing items. Once all components are accounted for, the next step is to review local plumbing codes, as some jurisdictions may require the installation to be performed by a licensed plumber. Users should consult their local building or plumbing authority for specific requirements.
The installation location is another important consideration. The system can be installed under a sink or in a basement, provided that the environment remains above freezing to prevent damage to the unit. If the system is to be connected to an icemaker or another remote location, the length of the tubing must be limited to 12 inches or less. If the distance exceeds this, a delivery pump may be necessary to maintain proper flow. The faucet should be installed in a convenient location where drinking or cooking water is typically accessed. If the sink does not have a pre-drilled hole, a 2-inch flat surface with a thickness of no more than 1-1/4 inch is required for mounting the faucet.
Tools and Materials Required
A variety of tools and materials are necessary to complete the installation process. The following items are typically required:
- 3/8″ variable speed electric drill (2,500 RPM is recommended for stainless steel surfaces)
- 1/8″, 1/4″, and 1/2″ metal cutting drill bits
- 1/8″, 1/4″, and 1/2″ concrete drill bits for porcelain sinks
- Phillips head screwdriver
- 6″ adjustable wrench
- Teflon tape
- Plastic tubing cutter
- Hammer
- Center punch
These tools are essential for drilling holes in the sink, tightening connections, and cutting tubing to the appropriate lengths. The use of Teflon tape is recommended to ensure a watertight seal on threaded connections.
Faucet Installation
If the sink is equipped with a sprayer, it may be disconnected to make room for the RO faucet. A pipe cap or plug can be used to seal the sprayer connection, or the sprayer can remain connected beneath the sink. When drilling a new hole for the faucet, it is important to ensure that the drill will not interfere with any components located beneath the sink surface. A 2-inch flat surface is required for mounting the faucet, and the thickness of the mounting material should not exceed 1-1/4 inch. If a larger thickness is encountered, a faucet extension may be necessary, although this is not typically included with the system.
For porcelain, enamel, ceramic on metal, or cast iron sinks, special precautions must be taken when drilling to avoid chipping or scratching the surface. The process involves marking the center of the hole with a center punch to create a 1/4-inch pilot hole. This pilot hole allows for more precise drilling and reduces the risk of damaging the sink surface.
Once the hole is drilled, the faucet can be mounted. The threaded shank of the faucet is fed through the sink hole, and the faucet is positioned to ensure it empties into the sink and allows for free movement of the spout. A lock washer and hex nut are placed over the threaded shank from beneath the sink and tightened with a wrench. If possible, it is advisable to have an assistant hold the faucet in place from above the sink to prevent it from shifting during tightening.
Angle Stop Valve and Tubing Installation
The angle stop valve is a critical component that connects the cold water line to the RO system. It allows for easy shut-off of the water supply during maintenance or repairs. The installation process involves turning off the cold water supply using the angle stop located under the sink. After the valve is closed, the pressure can be relieved by opening the faucet on the cold water side.
With the pressure relieved, the riser tube is disconnected from the existing cold water shut-off using an adjustable wrench. The John Guest Angle Stop Valve is then positioned in place of the disconnected riser tube. This valve is compatible with 3/8-inch shut-off valves and riser tubes. In cases where older plumbing uses larger valves, it may be necessary to replace the existing components with 3/8-inch parts or use alternative connection methods such as self-piercing valves, T fittings, or faucet adaptors.
For copper riser tubes, a slight bend may be required to accommodate the 2-inch space needed for the angle stop valve. If the tube is 3/8-inch in diameter, it can be bent by hand. However, for ribbed, corrugated, or reinforced plastic tubing, a self-piercing valve is not recommended. Instead, users should consult their local dealer for alternative connection options.
Drain Saddle Installation
The drain saddle is used to connect the waste water from the RO system to the drain line. It is designed to fit around a standard 1-1/2-inch outside diameter (OD) drainpipe and should be installed above the p-trap and on the vertical or horizontal tailpiece. The drain saddle should not be installed near a garbage disposal unit, as this could lead to clogging caused by debris.
To install the drain saddle, the gasket is first placed with the adhesive side facing the fitting half of the drain clamp. The drain saddle is then positioned on the drain pipe, ensuring that the opening aligns with the drilled hole. A small drill bit can be used to verify the alignment. Once the saddle is in place, it is secured with the provided bolts and nuts. It is important to avoid over-tightening to ensure that there is equal space between the saddle halves on both sides.
RO Component Installation
The RO unit consists of several key components, including the sediment cartridge, carbon block cartridge, reverse osmosis membrane, and post-filter. These components must be installed in the correct order to ensure proper filtration and system performance. The sediment cartridge is placed first on the inlet side, followed by the carbon block cartridge(s). Both of these cartridges can be installed with either end facing forward. The reverse osmosis membrane is then placed in the membrane housing with the o-ring end first, ensuring that it is fully seated.
The cartridges are provided in sanitary packaging, and it is recommended to wear gloves or wash hands before handling them to maintain hygiene. Once all components are installed, the RO unit is mounted to either the left or right side of the sink cabinet, depending on the location of the storage tank. The unit is typically installed at the front of the cabinet to allow for easy access during future maintenance.
RO Unit and Bladder Tank Placement
The RO unit should be mounted in a location that allows for easy access to the components and provides sufficient space for the bladder tank. The bladder tank can be placed within ten feet of the faucet and should be positioned in a convenient location, such as under the sink, in a nearby cabinet, or in basement rafters. Since a full bladder tank can weigh over thirty pounds, it is important to ensure that the shelving or mounting surface is secure and stable. The tank can be placed on its side or upright, depending on the available space.
Initial Tubing Connections
Once the RO unit and tank are in place, the initial tubing connections can be made. These connections should be completed before proceeding with the final installation to ensure that all components are properly aligned and functioning. The tubing should be cut to the appropriate lengths using a plastic tubing cutter, and all connections should be tightened securely with a wrench. Teflon tape can be applied to threaded connections to prevent leaks.
Routine Maintenance and Replacement Schedules
To maintain the performance and longevity of the RO system, it is essential to follow a regular maintenance schedule. The following replacement intervals are recommended:
- Pre-filters (Sediment) – Once per year
- Pre-filter (Carbon Block(s)) – Once per year
- RO Membrane – Usually Every 2 Years
- Post-filter (Carbon) – Once per year
The sediment filter is responsible for removing larger particles such as dirt, rust, and sediment. The carbon block filter removes chlorine and other chemical contaminants, protecting the RO membrane from damage. The RO membrane itself is the core component of the system and is responsible for removing dissolved minerals, metals, and salts. The post-filter ensures that any remaining impurities are removed before the water reaches the storage tank.
Failure to replace these filters and membranes on a regular basis can lead to reduced water quality and decreased system efficiency. It is important to keep track of the installation dates and replace each component according to the recommended schedule.
Conclusion
The installation of a reverse osmosis system requires careful planning, the right tools, and a thorough understanding of the components and their functions. By following the step-by-step procedures outlined in this guide, users can ensure a successful installation and optimal system performance. Proper placement of the RO unit, bladder tank, and faucet is essential for accessibility and functionality, while regular maintenance ensures that the system continues to provide clean, purified water for years to come.
For users who are unsure about any aspect of the installation process, it is always advisable to consult a licensed plumber or contact the manufacturer for additional support. With the correct installation and maintenance, a reverse osmosis system can be a reliable and effective solution for water purification in both residential and commercial settings.