Introduction
Columns play a critical role in both structural and decorative applications, whether in residential, commercial, or architectural settings. The installation of columns, particularly those made from materials like GRG (Glass Reinforced Gypsum) or steel, requires careful planning, precision, and adherence to manufacturer guidelines. This article provides a detailed, step-by-step breakdown of GRG and steel column installation processes based on information from official installation instructions and technical guidelines.
The guidance includes storage recommendations, preparation of materials, alignment techniques, adhesive and patching procedures, and finishing requirements. It also highlights key differences between single and double high column installations, as well as tamper-proof methods for steel column setups.
This article is intended for construction professionals, DIY enthusiasts, and technical users seeking accurate, reliable, and actionable information to successfully complete column installations in line with industry standards and manufacturer specifications.
GRG Column Installation Overview
GRG columns are often used in architectural applications where both aesthetic and structural integrity are essential. Their installation involves a multi-step process that includes preparation, alignment, bonding, and finishing.
Preparation and Storage
Before beginning the installation process, it is essential to inspect and properly store GRG column components. According to the provided documentation:
- GRG columns should be stored in a dry location away from dirt and moisture. If delivered in wooden crates or frames, they should remain in their packaging until installation begins.
- For loose pieces, the column components should be stored in a horizontal or near-vertical position. If stored horizontally, they should be placed open side down to prevent warping. If stored vertically, they must be adequately braced to avoid toppling.
Before installation, the pieces should be unwrapped or uncrated, and a random sampling should be inspected for dimensional accuracy and any signs of distortion. The pieces should also be checked for internal obstructions or protrusions that could interfere with the fit. If necessary, these obstructions can be removed using a belt sander, rasp, or grinder.
Single High Installation
A single high installation refers to the installation of a single column section. The process includes the use of alignment clips, shimming, and adhesive application.
Positioning the First Half
The installation begins by positioning the first half of the column. Metal or pressure-treated wood clips should be mechanically attached to the structure at the top and bottom of the column. These clips should be placed immediately behind the GRG at the seams and midpoint of the piece. Pilot holes should be pre-drilled through the face of the column into the clips, and the GRG should be attached using drywall screws with the screw heads countersunk.Installation of Alignment Clips
Alignment clips should be installed near the top and bottom of the column and approximately 18 inches on center (o.c.) along both sides of the initial half. The clips should alternate in orientation and be anchored with drywall screws, ensuring the screw heads are countersunk.Fitting the Second Half
The second half of the column should be loosely fitted to ensure proper alignment. If necessary, shimming or grinding on the inside of the second half may be required to achieve the best fit. A band clamp or webbing may be used to pull the two column halves together for a snug fit.Application of Adhesive
A continuous bead of urethane adhesive should be applied along the full length of both edges of the first half of the column. The second half is then fitted and secured to the alignment clips on one side of the first half. The other side should be shimmed as needed to obtain the best match. Once secure, the alignment clips should be fastened.Finishing and Sanding
Any high spots along the seam lines should be sanded or rasped to ensure the sides are flush with each other.
Double High Installation
A double high installation involves stacking two column sections vertically. This process follows a similar approach to the single high installation but includes additional considerations for securing and aligning the upper section.
Flange Alignment
The tops of the lower column pieces will have 2-inch wide horizontal flanges, and the bottoms of the upper column pieces will also have 2-inch wide horizontal flanges. These flanges are used to stack the pieces securely.Installation of Lower Section
The lower section is installed using the same steps as the single high installation. Once in place, horizontal kickers should be anchored to the center structural column. These kickers should fit snugly underneath the 2-inch wide top flange of the lower pieces. The kickers and their attachments should be sized to support the dead load of the upper column pieces.Installation of Upper Section
A bead of urethane adhesive should be applied on the top of the 2-inch wide flange of the lower pieces. The upper column pieces are then installed following the same steps as the single high installation.
Patching and Joint Finishing
After installation, the joints and seams of the GRG column should be patched and finished to ensure a smooth and durable surface.
Preparation for Patching
Before patching or finishing, the column should be wiped with a damp sponge to allow moisture to be absorbed. This helps improve adhesion of the patching materials.Material Selection
Joints with flattened spots or 1/8-inch by 1.5-inch recesses are generally finished with gypsum joint compound or casting plaster. Paper or fiberglass tape may be used to reinforce the joint. Three coats are typically required, with the blade curved to match the column’s curvature.Seamless Joints
For column elements without flat spots, such as decorative capitals or bases, finishing is typically done with casting plaster, requiring one or two coats.Special Finish Requirements
If the column is located in an area with critical artificial or natural lighting, a level 5 finish (per ASTM C840) must be applied by the finisher. Additionally, all columns must be primed before decoration, and multiple primer coats may be required depending on the material. Sanding after primer application may also be necessary.
Steel Column Installation
Steel columns, particularly those designed for temporary support during construction, offer a more streamlined installation process. These are commonly used in residential and light commercial projects where adjustable support is needed during framing or flooring installation.
Installation Steps
Selection and Sizing
Choose the appropriate size and strength of the steel column (often referred to as a Mono-Post) based on the construction documentation. The column should be able to support the expected load.Adjustment of the Screw
Adjust the screw to slightly less than the required length between the footer and load-bearing beam. The adjustment nut and screw should be positioned at the footer (adjustable end down) to allow for tamper-proof installation.Vertical Placement
Place the steel column vertically between the footer and the beam. Ensure the column is centered directly under the load-bearing beam and the footer below.Securing the Column
Adjust the screw to wedge the column firmly into place. The column should be tightened until it is securely centered. During construction, additional adjustments may be made to maintain floor level.Permanent Fixation
In the case of a poured concrete basement floor, the adjustment mechanism of the steel column becomes permanently locked.
Tamper-Proof Adjustment
To ensure the column remains secure and tamper-proof, the adjustment nut and screw should be positioned at the footer. This prevents unauthorized or accidental adjustments after installation.
Compliance and Codes
All steel column installations should be carried out in accordance with local building codes. It is important to consult the relevant code requirements for the specific installation location to ensure compliance and structural safety.
Additional Installation Considerations
Use of Adhesives and Sealants
The use of adhesives is a critical component of both GRG and steel column installations. For GRG columns, urethane-based adhesives are recommended for bonding column halves and upper sections. These adhesives should be applied continuously along the mating edges to ensure a strong and durable bond.
In finishing and patching, caulking is used to fill gaps and seal joints. For steel columns, caulk is used to fill around fasteners after installation to ensure a clean and secure finish.
Fastening Techniques
Fastening methods vary depending on the column type and location. For GRG columns, drywall screws and countersunk fasteners are commonly used. For steel columns, the installation relies on the adjustment mechanism and the secure placement of the screw and nut.
For decorative elements such as capitals, fasteners must be placed through the flange and into the header or ceiling. Each capital should have two fasteners on each side of the column, ensuring they penetrate at least 1.5 inches into the structure. All fasteners should be countersunk and filled with caulk for a seamless finish.
Painting and Finishing
Painting is an important step in the finalization of column installations, particularly for GRG columns. The documentation specifies that columns should be finished with two coats of high-quality exterior 100% acrylic latex paint. It is important to follow the paint manufacturer’s instructions, particularly for paint colors with a light reflective value of 54 or less.
Vinyl-safe paint should be used to ensure compatibility with any flexible materials used in the column’s construction or surrounding surfaces.
Conclusion
Column installation, whether for GRG or steel materials, requires careful attention to detail, adherence to manufacturer guidelines, and an understanding of structural and aesthetic requirements. The installation process varies based on the column type, height, and application but generally follows a structured approach involving preparation, alignment, bonding, and finishing.
By following the outlined procedures—such as using alignment clips, applying urethane adhesive, and ensuring proper storage—installers can achieve a secure, durable, and visually appealing column structure. Additionally, compliance with local building codes and the use of appropriate materials and techniques are essential for long-term performance and safety.
For users engaged in construction, renovation, or DIY projects, these guidelines provide a comprehensive reference to ensure successful column installation in both structural and decorative contexts.