Installing a new chain on a single-speed or derailleur-equipped bicycle is an essential maintenance task for ensuring smooth operation and prolonging the life of your drivetrain. This guide provides step-by-step instructions for both master link and connecting rivet chains, emphasizing correct sizing, installation techniques, and tensioning. The procedures apply specifically to single-speed or two-sprocket systems and are supported by detailed instructions from official repair resources.
Chain Installation Overview
A fresh chain installed and properly tensioned will keep your single-speed or fixed-gear bicycle running smoothly and trouble-free. Whether you are dealing with a master link chain or a connecting rivet chain, the process involves several key steps: removal of the old chain, sizing the new chain, installing the new chain, and adjusting the tension.
The Park Tool CT-3.2 is particularly useful for this task due to its floating shelf design, which accommodates a wide range of chain widths and thicknesses, including oversized single-speed chains. Additionally, tools such as the MLP-1.2 master link pliers and chain tensioners are recommended for specific steps in the installation process.
Chain Removal
Before installing a new chain, it is necessary to remove the old one. This process can vary slightly depending on whether the chain uses a master link or a connecting rivet.
Master Link Chains
Master link chains are identified by a unique link that connects the ends of the chain. This link is often color-coded or marked to distinguish it from the rest of the chain. To remove the chain:
- Locate the master link: Inspect the chain for the master link, which will have a pair of unique side plates.
- Position the master link: Move the master link to the lower section of the chain to facilitate removal.
- Use master link pliers: Employ a tool like the MLP-1.2 to disengage the master link. Apply even pressure until the link separates.
If the chain is worn or damaged, it is also possible to ignore the master link and use a chain tool to break the chain at a different point, provided it is several links away from any existing connecting rivets.
Connecting Rivet Chains
For chains that use connecting rivets instead of master links:
- Identify the connecting rivet: The connecting rivet is visually different from standard rivets and is used to join the ends of the chain.
- Position the chain: Place the chain on a workbench or in a chain tool, ensuring the connecting rivet is aligned with the tool.
- Use a chain tool: Insert the driving pin of the chain tool into the rivet and turn the handle with force to drive out the pin. Once the rivet is removed, the chain can be separated.
Chain Sizing
Properly sizing the new chain is crucial to ensure it fits correctly on the drivetrain without being too short or too long. If the old chain is still available, it can be used as a reference. However, if not, the following method can be used:
- Position the wheel: Move the rear wheel all the way forward in the dropouts. For forward-facing dropouts, secure the axle nuts so they are fully engaged but the wheel is still in the forward position.
- Wrap the chain: Loop the new chain around the front and rear sprockets. The chain should be placed on the front chainring at approximately the two or three o’clock position.
- Align the chain ends: Ensure that the chain ends meet at an inner and outer plate (referred to as the reference rivet). If two outer plates meet instead, add one pin to the chain length so the appropriate plates align.
- Add extra length: From the reference rivet, add two more pins (approximately one inch) to the chain length. This extra length allows for easier wheel removal and accommodates larger tires if needed.
Once the correct length is determined, use a chain tool to remove any excess links and shorten the chain accordingly.
Chain Installation
After the chain has been sized, the next step is to install it on the bicycle. The process will differ slightly depending on whether the chain uses a master link or a connecting rivet.
Master Link Chain Installation
- Position the chain: Route the chain through the drivetrain, ensuring it is correctly aligned with the chainrings and sprockets.
- Insert the master link: Align the two ends of the chain and insert the master link into one end. The master link should snap into place.
- Secure the chain: Use the master link pliers to push the master link into the chain until it is fully seated. The master link should lock in place without any visible gaps.
- Adjust the wheel position: Pull the rear wheel back in the dropouts and align it with the center of the frame. Snug the axle nuts but do not fully tighten them yet, as chain tension still needs to be checked.
Connecting Rivet Chain Installation
- Lubricate the rivet: Apply a drop of chain lube to the connecting rivet before installation.
- Insert the rivet: From the inside of the bike (toward the mechanic), install the connecting rivet into the chain.
- Use a chain tool: Position the chain tool over the rivet and drive it into the chain until the protrusion matches that of the neighboring rivets.
- Break off the pilot: Once the rivet is seated, use pliers or a chain tool to break off the pilot tip. If the chain is a Campagnolo® 11, 12, or 13-speed model, additional pressing may be required using a peening anvil to complete the installation.
After the connecting rivet is installed, inspect the chain for any tight links. If tight links are present, gently flex the chain laterally at the affected area to loosen them.
Chain Tensioning
Proper chain tension is essential for the smooth operation of a single-speed or fixed-gear bicycle. Incorrect tension can lead to poor performance, increased wear, and potential mechanical failure.
Checking Chain Tension
To check the tension:
- Apply upward and downward pressure: Press on the chain at a point halfway between the front and rear sprockets. There should be approximately one half inch of vertical movement.
- Use a chain tensioner: If tension is difficult to adjust manually, a chain tensioner can be used. Install the tensioner against the rear dropout face and tighten the screw to move the wheel back in the dropout and add tension. Ensure the wheel remains centered in the frame.
Adjusting Chain Tension
- Loosen one axle nut: Begin by loosening one of the axle nuts on the rear wheel.
- Move the wheel: Gently move the wheel forward or backward in the dropout to adjust the tension. Snug the axle nut again after each adjustment.
- Repeat on the other side: Loosen the opposite axle nut and repeat the process to ensure the wheel remains centered in the frame.
- Re-check tension: After adjusting both sides, re-check the chain tension to ensure it meets the recommended 1/4 inch of movement at the tightest spot.
If loose or tight spots are detected when applying side load to the chain, it may indicate that the sprockets are out of round. In such cases, adjust the tension to allow for 1/4 inch of movement at the tightest spot.
Final Tension Test
To confirm the chain is properly tensioned:
- Apply side load: Push on the chain at a point halfway between the front and rear sprockets. The chain should make a rattling sound but should not derail.
- Re-secure the axle nuts: If the chain does not derail, fully secure the axle nuts to the manufacturer-recommended torque (typically around 25 Nm). If a standard wrench is used, apply approximately 40 pounds of pressure at a distance of 5 inches from the axle.
Chain Maintenance and Troubleshooting
After installation, it is important to maintain the chain to ensure long-term performance.
- Lubricate the chain: Apply a thin layer of chain lube to the chain after installation. Re-lubricate as needed, especially after riding in wet or dusty conditions.
- Inspect for wear: Regularly inspect the chain for signs of wear, such as elongation, stiff links, or rust. Replace the chain if significant wear is detected.
- Monitor tension: Check chain tension periodically, especially after long rides or changes in tire size. Adjust the tension as needed using the methods described above.
If the chain continues to derail despite proper tensioning, it may indicate a misaligned drivetrain or worn sprockets. In such cases, further inspection or professional service may be required.
Conclusion
Installing a new chain on a single-speed or derailleur-equipped bicycle requires attention to detail and a clear understanding of the correct procedures. Whether using a master link or connecting rivet chain, the process involves careful removal of the old chain, accurate sizing of the new chain, and precise installation with proper tensioning. By following these steps, cyclists can ensure their bikes operate smoothly and efficiently, reducing the risk of mechanical issues and extending the life of their drivetrain components.