Vinyl composition tile (VCT) remains a popular choice in commercial and institutional settings due to its durability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of maintenance. Proper installation is critical to ensuring the longevity and aesthetic appeal of VCT flooring. The Armstrong VCT installation process involves specific adhesive types, application techniques, and layout strategies that are essential for achieving a professional result. This article provides a detailed, fact-based overview of Armstrong’s VCT installation instructions, focusing on adhesive selection, preparation, application, and post-installation care.
Key Considerations for VCT Installation
Armstrong's VCT installation instructions emphasize several key considerations to ensure optimal performance. These include the importance of using the correct adhesive, maintaining proper open and working times, and ensuring the substrate is suitable for the adhesive being used. The instructions also highlight the need for careful layout planning and the avoidance of improper heating or cleaning techniques that could compromise the installation.
Adhesive Selection and Compatibility
The choice of adhesive is a critical factor in VCT installation. Armstrong recommends several adhesive types, including S-515, S-1000, S-319, and Flip Spray Adhesive, each with specific use cases and environmental tolerances. The selection of adhesive should be based on the relative humidity (RH) of the substrate, the type of VCT being installed, and the expected traffic conditions post-installation.
S-1000 Adhesive is suitable for high-moisture environments or where concrete moisture exceeds 99% RH. It is particularly recommended for Safety Zone Tile and for the first 3 to 5 rows of tile in areas exposed to frequent surface moisture or cooler temperatures. S-1000 requires a porous substrate per ASTM F3191 and is applied using a U-notch trowel. Open time is approximately 10 minutes, and working time is 45 minutes. Traffic can resume within 4 hours for light foot traffic and 8 hours for heavy traffic and rolling loads.
S-515 Adhesive is ideal for VCT in environments with up to 95% RH. It has a longer open time of over 30 minutes and a working time of 24 hours, allowing for more flexibility in installation. Light foot traffic can resume after 24 hours, while heavy traffic should wait 72 hours.
S-319 Adhesive is a roll-on adhesive best suited for porous substrates. It requires a 3/8" nap roller for even application and must be used within 4 hours of application. Traffic can resume immediately after installation.
Flip Spray Adhesive is a dry-to-touch adhesive suitable for VCT installations with up to 95% RH. It dries within 30–40 minutes and allows for immediate traffic. The adhesive must be applied according to specific spray patterns to ensure even coverage.
Each adhesive has specific application techniques and timing requirements. Adhesive compatibility with the tile and substrate must be confirmed prior to use.
Preparing the Substrate
A clean, level, and properly prepared substrate is essential for a successful VCT installation. Armstrong emphasizes the importance of substrate preparation, particularly when using S-319 Roll Strong Adhesive, where thorough cleaning is critical to avoid telegraphing of debris. The following steps are recommended:
- Clean the substrate by sweeping, vacuuming, and damp mopping to remove all dust and debris.
- Use portland cement-based patching or leveling materials for high-moisture applications, such as S-466 PatchStrong.
- Ensure the substrate is porous and suitable for the adhesive being used.
- Avoid installing over expansion joints, and stagger tile and plank joints by at least 6 inches to prevent alignment issues.
Failure to properly prepare the substrate can result in poor adhesion, uneven surfaces, or long-term performance issues.
Adhesive Application Techniques
Proper adhesive application is crucial for achieving a secure and durable VCT installation. The following guidelines apply to adhesive application:
- S-1000 Adhesive should be applied in 2’ or 3’ bands to half the room at a time. The adhesive must be applied before it skins over or dries, which typically occurs within 45 minutes. A 10-minute open time is recommended to reduce tile shifting and adhesive oozing.
- S-319 Adhesive should be applied with a 3/8" nap roller while keeping the roller wet. Adhesive coverage must not exceed 400 ft² per gallon.
- Flip Spray Adhesive requires careful attention to spray patterns and drying times. The adhesive is dry-to-touch in 30–40 minutes and must be applied without over-saturation.
It is important not to apply more adhesive than can be covered within the working time. Adhesive should be spread and installed in manageable sections, such as one quarter of the room at a time, to ensure even coverage and timely installation.
Tile Installation Process
Once the adhesive is applied and set to the appropriate stage, the tile installation can begin. Armstrong recommends the following steps:
- Start along the center starting line, laying tiles row by row until half the installation is complete. Cut pieces should be fitted at the perimeter.
- Use a hand roller, such as a Crain 333, to embed the tile into the adhesive. This helps regulate downward pressure and minimizes adhesive bleed-up at the joints.
- Periodically lift tiles to check for 100% adhesive transfer. If transfer is insufficient, reduce the open time and reapply.
- Avoid working on newly installed tile except to roll it. If unavoidable, use a kneeling board to prevent indentation.
After installation, tiles should not be exposed to rolling load traffic for at least 72 hours to allow the adhesive to fully set and dry.
Layout and Design Considerations
Armstrong's installation instructions also include layout and design considerations that ensure a balanced and visually appealing installation:
- Center starting lines are recommended for most installations. These lines help maintain symmetry and minimize border pieces that are less than half the width of the tile or plank.
- Avoid border pieces less than 3 inches wide. If the border planks will be less than half the width of the plank, the center starting line should be shifted to balance the room and provide a larger cut piece at the wall.
- Custom LVT installations may require additional layout lines depending on the design. The starting point may be adjusted to facilitate the installation of intricate patterns or inlays.
For Exchange LVT, Armstrong recommends specific patterns such as Ashlar, Herringbone, Brick, and Stagger to ensure a successful installation. These patterns help distribute weight evenly and reduce the risk of stress fractures or warping.
Post-Installation Care and Maintenance
Proper care and maintenance following installation are essential for the long-term performance of VCT flooring. Armstrong provides the following guidance:
- Avoid heavy wet washing for at least 5 days after installation. This allows the tile to become well seated in the adhesive and prevents excess moisture and cleaning agents from interfering with the adhesive bond.
- Use a protective covering, such as plain, undyed kraft paper, in high-traffic areas of new construction. This covering should not contain inks, markings, or other agents that could stain the floor.
- Products installed using the Tile-On System may have less resistance to indentation. Select proper non-staining furniture rests and casters with smooth, flat contact surfaces to protect the floor.
Cleaning and Spill Management
- Wet adhesive spills should be cleaned with a white cloth and a neutral detergent and water solution.
- Dried adhesive can be removed using a white cloth and denatured alcohol or low-odor mineral spirits.
Safety and Environmental Considerations
Safety is a key component of any VCT installation. Armstrong advises users to:
- Heat tiles from the back and avoid heating from the front to prevent warping or damage.
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling adhesives and cleaning agents.
- Ensure proper ventilation in the installation area to minimize exposure to fumes.
Environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, also play a role in the success of the installation. Adhesive open and working times may vary based on ambient conditions, and installations should be planned accordingly.
Conclusion
Armstrong’s VCT installation instructions provide a comprehensive and structured approach to achieving a professional and durable installation. By following the recommended adhesive selection, substrate preparation, application techniques, and layout strategies, installers can ensure the longevity and performance of VCT flooring in a variety of commercial environments. Careful attention to detail, particularly in adhesive timing and tile embedding, is essential for minimizing shifting, indentation, and other potential issues.