Armstrong S-295 is a premium flooring adhesive designed for use with fiberglass-reinforced and engineered flooring products in residential and commercial settings. The adhesive is engineered to provide a strong, durable bond while allowing for flexibility during installation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the installation and application procedures associated with Armstrong S-295, based on official documentation from Armstrong Flooring and related technical guides.
Overview of Armstrong S-295 Flooring Adhesive
Armstrong S-295 is a water-based adhesive designed for use in the installation of fiberglass-reinforced flooring and certain engineered tile systems. It is commonly used in conjunction with Armstrong’s S-763 Seam Adhesive and S-693 Grout for full installation systems. S-295 is suitable for both porous and non-porous substrates and is intended to be applied using a trowel with a 1/32" (0.8 mm) deep, 1/16" (1.6 mm) wide, and 1/32" (0.8 mm) apart notch pattern.
The adhesive is not intended for use as a pressure-sensitive adhesive and must be applied within its working time—typically two hours—to ensure proper adhesion and bonding. The drying time and curing process depend on ambient temperature, humidity, and the nature of the substrate.
Installation Methods Compatible with S-295
Armstrong S-295 can be used with two primary installation methods for fiberglass-reinforced flooring:
Modified Loose Lay Method
This method uses acrylic double-faced tape under seams and does not require full coverage adhesive. It is suitable for installations where gaps are left at vertical surfaces (walls, pipes, etc.)—typically 1/4" (6.35 mm). However, this method is not recommended for areas with base or island cabinets or for installations over subfloors with significant seasonal movement.Full Spread Method
This method involves applying S-295 or S-299 over the entire installation area. It allows for no gap at vertical surfaces and supports the use of base and island cabinets. It is also suitable for bathrooms, radiant-heated subfloors, and subfloors with floor drains. Multiple seams can be installed on suspended wood underlayments, and the adhesive provides a more permanent bond compared to the modified loose lay method.
The full spread method is generally recommended for installations where durability and long-term performance are critical.
Preparing the Subfloor and Installation Environment
Before applying Armstrong S-295, the subfloor must meet specific requirements to ensure compatibility and long-term performance of the flooring system. Acceptable substrates include:
- Concrete on all grade levels
- Ceramic tile, terrazzo, and marble
- Approved suspended wood underlayments
- Polymeric poured (seamless) floors
- Single-layer, fully-adhered, existing resilient floors
- Existing resilient tile floors on grade or suspended
- Radiant-heated subfloors with a surface temperature not exceeding 85°F (29°C)
For wood substrates, the moisture content must not exceed 13%. It is important to note that S-295 should not be applied over:
- Particleboard, waferboard, OSB, or single-layer Sturd-I-Floor panels
- Carpet or hardwood flooring installed directly over concrete
- Existing cushion-backed vinyl flooring
- Resilient tile below grade
In addition to substrate requirements, ambient conditions must be considered. The recommended temperature range for installation is between 60°F and 90°F (15°C and 32°C), with humidity levels ideally between 30% and 60%. These conditions ensure proper adhesive drying and bonding.
Application Procedure for Armstrong S-295
The application of Armstrong S-295 must be carried out with precision to ensure a secure and lasting bond. The following steps outline the recommended procedure:
Surface Preparation
Ensure the subfloor is clean, dry, and free of debris. Any existing flooring materials that may contain asbestos or crystalline silica should be handled with care and in accordance with local regulations. Asbestos is a serious health hazard and must be addressed professionally if suspected.Trowel Application
Using a trowel with a 1/32" (0.8 mm) deep, 1/16" (1.6 mm) wide, and 1/32" (0.8 mm) apart notch pattern, apply S-295 evenly across the subfloor. The adhesive should be spread in a consistent pattern to ensure even coverage and adhesion.Placing the Flooring
Once the adhesive is applied, the flooring planks or tiles should be placed into the adhesive as it dries to the touch. For non-porous substrates, flooring should be installed within 30–45 minutes. For porous substrates, the adhesive should be allowed to dry slightly before installation to prevent slippage.Rolling the Installation
After the flooring is in place, it must be rolled in both directions using a 100 lb, three-section roller. Rolling is essential to ensure proper contact between the flooring and adhesive and to eliminate any air pockets.Seaming and Finishing
After the flooring is in place and rolled, any seams should be double-cut and treated with Armstrong S-763 Seam Adhesive. The procedure involves folding back both edges, applying the adhesive, and tucking the seam into place. A 1/8" bead of S-763 should be applied along the seam edge using an applicator bottle. Excess adhesive should be cleaned with a damp cloth and neutral detergent.Drying and Curing
Once the flooring is installed and seams are treated, it should be allowed to dry for a minimum of 2 hours before foot traffic and 4 to 6 hours before rolling loads. This drying period ensures the adhesive sets properly and the flooring remains secure.
Special Considerations and Precautions
Several precautions should be taken when working with Armstrong S-295 to ensure both safety and performance:
Avoid Overworking the Adhesive
S-295 is not a pressure-sensitive adhesive and must be installed within its working time. Overworking or delaying installation can result in loss of adhesion and bonding.Use of Protective Measures
When moving heavy furniture or appliances, a plywood panel should be placed on the floor to prevent scuffing or tearing. Floor protectors should be used under furniture to reduce indentation, especially with heavier items.Handling Existing Materials
Existing resilient flooring and asphaltic adhesives may contain asbestos or crystalline silica. These materials should not be sanded, dry swept, or otherwise disturbed without proper testing and handling procedures. Inhaling dust from these materials can lead to serious health risks, including cancer and respiratory issues.Avoiding Asbestos Exposure
Unless it is certain that existing materials are asbestos-free, they should be treated as if they contain asbestos. Removal and disposal of such materials must be done in accordance with local regulations and industry guidelines.Proper Ventilation
While S-295 is water-based and generally considered low in VOCs, adequate ventilation should still be maintained in the installation area to ensure worker safety and air quality.
Grouting and Finishing for Grouted Installations
For installations that use grouted seams, Armstrong S-693 FlexStrong™ Premixed Sanded Acrylic Grout is recommended. The following steps outline the grouting process:
Grout Spacing
Grout joints should be spaced 1/16" (1.6 mm) to 1/4" (6.4 mm) apart, depending on the desired visibility of the grout lines. The tighter the spacing, the less visible the grout will be.Grout Application
S-693 grout is ready to use and requires no additional mixing or sealing. A hard epoxy float should be used to apply the grout, ensuring that it is confined to the joint area and does not spread onto the flooring surface.Grout Cleanup
Small areas should be worked at a time to prevent the grout from drying on the surface. A light mist of water is acceptable before cleanup, but excessive water should be avoided. Square cellulose sponges or white pads are recommended for cleaning.Post-Grout Maintenance
The grout should be allowed to harden for at least 24 hours before any cleaning or maintenance. Any residual haze can be removed with a white pad and water or with a properly diluted Armstrong Once 'n Done floor cleaner.Avoiding Harsh Cleaners
Harsh floor strippers, such as Armstrong New Beginning Extra-Strength Floor Stripper, should not be used for grouted installations, as they can degrade the grout and compromise the flooring.Drying and Curing
The flooring should not be washed or scrubbed for at least five days after installation to prevent interference with adhesive bonding and grout hardening.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Despite following proper installation procedures, certain issues may arise during or after the application of Armstrong S-295. Below are some common problems and recommended solutions:
Adhesive Not Drying Properly
This can occur if the ambient temperature or humidity is outside the recommended range. Ensure the installation environment is within 60°F to 90°F (15°C to 32°C) and humidity between 30% and 60%. If the adhesive appears wet or glossy after the expected drying time, it may need to be removed and reapplied.Slippage or Movement in the Flooring
This can occur if the adhesive was not applied correctly or if the flooring was not rolled properly. Ensure the adhesive is evenly spread with the recommended trowel notch and that the flooring is rolled in both directions immediately after placement.Buckling or Warping
This is often the result of seasonal movement in wood subfloors, particularly in areas with significant temperature and humidity fluctuations. To prevent buckling, ensure proper spacing at vertical surfaces and avoid pinching moldings. If buckling occurs, the flooring should be gently lifted, re-trimmed, and re-installed.Residue or Adhesive Transfer
Adhesive residue can be cleaned with a damp cloth and neutral detergent. If adhesive is transferred to the flooring surface during installation, it should be removed immediately to prevent permanent staining or bonding.Poor Seam Adhesion
If seams are not properly bonded after application of S-763, the seams should be re-cut and re-sealed following the recommended procedure. Ensure that the adhesive is applied while the seam is folded back and that it is forced up through the seam during re-installation.
Maintenance and Long-Term Care
Once installed, Armstrong S-295 adhesive requires minimal maintenance. However, proper care can help extend the lifespan of the flooring system. The following guidelines are recommended:
Avoid Excessive Moisture
Prolonged exposure to water or excessive humidity can weaken the adhesive bond and damage the flooring. Use mats or rugs in high-traffic or high-moisture areas, such as bathrooms and kitchens.Use Appropriate Cleaning Agents
Armstrong Once 'n Done floor cleaner is recommended for routine cleaning. Harsh or acidic cleaners should be avoided, as they can degrade the adhesive and grout.Furniture Protection
Floor protectors should be used under all furniture to prevent indentation and scuffing. The size of the protector should be proportional to the weight of the furniture.Avoid Abrasive Tools or Methods
Sanding, scrubbing, or using wire brushes on the flooring can damage the surface and compromise the adhesive bond. Gentle cleaning methods should be used whenever possible.Avoid Heavy Impact or Rolling Loads
Heavy rolling loads or machinery should be avoided on the flooring until it has fully cured. If such loads are necessary, they should be distributed over a large surface area to prevent localized stress or damage.
Conclusion
Armstrong S-295 is a versatile and reliable flooring adhesive that is suitable for a wide range of residential and commercial applications. When applied correctly, it provides a strong, durable bond that supports the long-term performance of fiberglass-reinforced and engineered flooring systems. The adhesive is compatible with both modified loose lay and full spread installation methods and is designed to work with Armstrong S-763 Seam Adhesive and S-693 Grout for complete installation systems.
Proper surface preparation, application techniques, and environmental conditions are essential for achieving a successful installation. By following the recommended procedures and precautions, installers can ensure a secure, long-lasting bond while minimizing the risk of common issues such as slippage, buckling, and adhesive failure.