Armor-Tile is a leading provider of detectable warning systems that meet the requirements set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These systems are designed to provide accessibility solutions in both new construction and retrofit applications. The installation process varies depending on whether the tiles are cast-in-place or surface-applied, and understanding the differences is essential for ensuring a successful and compliant installation. This article outlines the detailed installation procedures, product specifications, and frequently asked questions related to Armor-Tile, based on official documentation provided by the manufacturer.
Product Overview and Specifications
Armor-Tile offers two primary installation methods: Cast In Place (CIP) and Surface Applied (SA). Both options are engineered to meet ADA standards and provide durable, long-lasting solutions for detectable warning systems. The tiles are made from a polymer composite that includes aluminum oxide for enhanced wear resistance and UV protection to prevent fading. This material ensures that the tiles remain intact and visually consistent under various environmental conditions.
The truncated domes on the tiles are spaced either 1.67 inches or 2.35 inches in the diagonal direction, with a height of 0.20 inches. These dimensions are critical for tactile detection and are compliant with ADAAG (Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines). The tiles are available in six standard colors and can be custom color-matched to meet specific project requirements.
Armor-Tile is manufactured in the United States and is designed for both indoor and outdoor use. The Cast In Place tiles weigh approximately 3 pounds per square foot, while the Surface Applied tiles are lighter at 2 pounds per square foot. The lightweight nature of the tiles makes them easier to handle and install, especially in retrofit applications where existing concrete surfaces are being modified.
Cast In Place Tile Installation Instructions
The Cast In Place method involves embedding the Armor-Tile into freshly poured concrete during the construction process. This method ensures that the tiles become an integral part of the structure and are less prone to shifting or loosening over time. Below are the step-by-step installation instructions for Cast In Place tiles:
Concrete Preparation
Begin by pouring and floating the concrete, maintaining a slump range between 4 and 7. The slump refers to the consistency of the concrete and is measured by how much it flows when a cone-shaped mold is removed. A slump within this range ensures that the concrete is workable but not too fluid.Tile Placement
Place the Armor-Tile on the curb ramp, positioning it 6 to 8 inches from the curb line (face of the curb). This placement ensures that the tile is properly embedded in the concrete and that the finished surface aligns correctly with the surrounding walkway.Embedding the Tile
Using a non-marring rubber mallet, tamp the tile into the wet concrete in a grid pattern. This action embeds the tile into the concrete and helps to secure it in place. The embedment flanges on the tile allow the concrete to flow through them, anchoring the tile without the need for additional rebar or steel bars.Edge Formation
Create a 1/4-inch concrete-free edge around the perimeter of the tile using a 3/8-inch radius edging tool. This step ensures that the tile is clearly defined and that the concrete forms a smooth transition between the tile and the surrounding surface.Finishing the Surface
Use a steel trowel to float the concrete around the perimeter of the tile, ensuring a smooth finish. Apply a broom finish to the curb ramp to create a textured surface that is slip-resistant and meets ADA requirements.Removing Protective Covering
After the concrete has substantially cured, cut the protective plastic wrap along the tile-concrete interface using a sharp knife. Carefully remove the plastic without disturbing the tile or the surrounding concrete.
Replacement Instructions for Cast In Place Tiles
If a Cast In Place tile needs to be replaced, follow these steps:
Removing Fasteners
Use a T27 tamper-proof screwdriver to unscrew the fasteners securing the tile to the concrete.Removing the Tile
Tap the perimeter of the tile with a rubber mallet to loosen any bond between the tile and the concrete. Then, use a pry bar to gently lift an edge of the tile. Remove all debris from the cavity where the tile was installed, including any remaining adhesive or concrete fragments. Vacuum or sweep the area to ensure it is clean.Installing the Replacement Tile
Insert the replacement tile into the cavity and gently apply pressure to seat it in place. Reinsert the tamper-proof fasteners into the hex-shaped concrete anchors to secure the tile.
Surface Applied Tile Installation Instructions
The Surface Applied method is commonly used for retrofit applications where existing concrete surfaces are being modified. This method allows for the installation of detectable warning tiles without the need for pouring new concrete. The installation process involves the use of adhesive and fasteners to secure the tiles to the existing surface. Below are the detailed steps for installing Surface Applied tiles:
Marking the Installation Area
Place the tile in the designated location and trace the perimeter with a thin permanent marker. This step helps to ensure accurate alignment during the installation process.Surface Preparation
Using a 4-inch diamond cup grinder, scour the concrete surface within the marked area. This step removes any debris, dirt, or previous coatings that may interfere with the adhesion of the tile. After grinding, clear away the dust using a leaf blower.Cleaning the Surface
Clean both the back of the tile and the concrete surface with a rag soaked in acetone. This step removes any remaining dust, oils, or contaminants that could weaken the bond between the tile and the adhesive.Applying Adhesive
Apply the surface-applied adhesive to the back of the tile, following the guidelines indicated on the tile itself. Apply a thin bead of adhesive 1/2 inch from the perimeter edge, and a second, thicker bead 1 inch inside the first bead. This ensures a strong and even bond across the entire surface of the tile.Securing the Tile
Set the tile true and square to the curb ramp and press it down firmly. Ensure that the tile is level and properly aligned with the surrounding surfaces.Drilling and Fastening
While stepping down on either side of the preformed hole, use a hammer drill with a 1/4-inch diameter carbide drill bit to drill 3 inches into the concrete slab. Remove any dust or adhesive that may have accumulated in the hole. Carefully insert the supplied color-matched Axius® Fasteners using a plastic-tipped hammer. Repeat this process for all preformed fastener locations on the tile.Sealing the Perimeter
After all fasteners have been installed, clean the perimeter of the tile and the surrounding concrete with acetone to remove any adhesive that may have escaped from beneath the tile. Apply and smooth a sealant around the perimeter of the tile to provide a finished appearance and to prevent moisture from seeping into the adhesive.
Key Installation Considerations
When installing Armor-Tile, several key factors should be considered to ensure a successful and compliant installation:
Weather Conditions
Armor-Tile is designed to perform well in a wide range of temperatures and is particularly resistant to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. However, extreme weather conditions should still be taken into account, and installation should be scheduled during optimal weather when possible.Adhesive and Fastener Requirements
The fasteners and adhesive (Armor-Bond) are included with the Surface Applied system. However, the perimeter sealant (Armor-Seal) is sold separately. It is important to ensure that all necessary components are available before beginning the installation process.ADA Compliance
Armor-Tile is manufactured to meet ADA requirements, including the proper height, spacing, and shape of the truncated domes. It is important to verify that the installed system meets these standards, especially in public spaces where accessibility is a priority.Color Matching and Customization
Armor-Tile is available in six standard colors, but custom color matching is also possible. This is particularly useful in retrofit applications where the tiles need to blend with the existing surface.Maintenance and Longevity
Due to the durable and nonporous nature of the polymer composite material, Armor-Tile requires minimal maintenance. Regular cleaning with water and mild detergent is typically sufficient to keep the tiles looking clean and new.
Conclusion
Armor-Tile provides a reliable and compliant solution for detectable warning systems in both new construction and retrofit applications. The two primary installation methods—Cast In Place and Surface Applied—offer different advantages depending on the project requirements. The Cast In Place method ensures a permanent and secure installation, while the Surface Applied method allows for a more flexible and less invasive approach.
By following the detailed installation instructions provided by the manufacturer, installers can ensure that the final product meets all ADA requirements and functions as intended. The lightweight, durable, and weather-resistant design of Armor-Tile makes it an excellent choice for a wide range of applications, from sidewalks and curb ramps to indoor facilities and multi-purpose event spaces.